Leading Change Strategically Essay

Abstract Whereas change does not cause renovation, all improvements require modification. The ability to develop, test, and implement changes are important for any specific, group, or organization that wants to continually enhance. There are many kinds of changes that will result in renovation, but these particular changes develop from a limited number of change principles. A change idea is a basic notion or approach to alter that, which has been found to be useful in developing specific ideas for changes that result in renovation. John Kotter notes an eight-step process to change. This narrative provides an in-depth review of Charlotte Beers and how she gained trust of those at Ogilvy and Mather Worldwide while CEO, and leveraged that trust to turn internal and external organizational challenges. Employing Kotter’s eight-steps when fostering change, this narrative closely reviews the concepts and how Beers applied the steps to develop change within the sixth largest advertising agency in the world. Charlotte Beers At Ogilvy and Mather Worldwide Sense of Urgency Beers was appointed CEO of Ogilvy and Mather (Ogilvy and Mather) Worldwide in April 1992 to turn around the embattled advertising agency (Levin, 1992, p. 2). Ogilvy and Mather was losing market share and the internal leadership was doing more in fighting than moving the organization in becoming the number one advertising agency. Hiring Beers was key in getting the organization on the right track, leveraging several of Kotter’s change steps in doing so. Coined as someone who is exterior to the organization, Beers was an anomaly as she chosen as a leader who was appointed from outside, that, which was not typical. Most senior leaders within Ogilvy and Mather were promoted from within. After losing major campaigns from Unilever and Shell Oil Company, certain change was imminent, but unaware in how to embrace (Levins, 1992, p. 7).  Additional campaign losses affected the New York office and directed this failure to the most senior person within the organization. A major shake-up took place in 1999, when CEO, Phillips stepped down as the senior leader, and for the first time in history and person outside the company was appointed. With a strong history preceding her, Beers’ prior successes while COO of Tatham-Lair & Kuder, provided expertise needed for Ogilvy and Mather. To be successful, Beers would have to inject a sense of urgency (Kotter, 2002) by outlying the vision of the organization. Beer knew that change would be easier if people at Ogilvy and Mather desired the change and motivated in making it happen. Beers needed to leverage effective communication and build a guiding coalition who could help move that vision to the forefront. Beers was responsible for infusing her vision, while still conducting her managerial and strategic tasks for moving the organization forward. Beers would have to build a new organization structure, which managing politics and keeping eyes on Ogilvy and Mather’s mission and vision. Strategic in her approach, Beers needed to bring into line the organization with Ogilvy and Mather’s vision. Kotter emphasis, possessing a sense of urgency is the first step when implementing change (Kotter, 1992). Getting her message to all internal Ogilvy and Mather stakeholders, Beers wanted one single, clear message that introduced expectations while soliciting help and in gaining buy-in from staff and other organizational leaders. Her first effort was using multimedia to creating a clear message that she needed there help, while still shaping Ogilvy and Mather’s future. Beer’s candor and openness was heart-felt by the masses. Beers needed to form a credible guiding coalition and delegate the authority to them to work across the organization (Kotter, 1992). Once Beers applied these first steps successfully, she could direct her focus on the third step of the model in developing a change vision and strategy. Organizations sometimes rush through this step too quickly. When done correctly, however, it requires time to get a change vision and strategy right (Kotter, 2002). Guiding Coalition Beers established herself as a leader, and made time to meet with each senior executive to hear concerns and how they thought about the impending  changes. She selected her â€Å"guiding coalition† based on those ready for the challenge (Ibarra, 2011). She selected her essential senior leadership team by meeting with them one-on-one to assess their allegiance to Ogilvy and Mather, and ultimately to her. Ensuring that her team reflected the entire organization, composed of artistic and management-focused talent. Convincing Ogilvy and Mather’s key people was crucial in creating Beer’s coalition, built upon the urgency and momentum (Phillips, 2012, p. 496). Ogilvy and Mather’s old ways of doing things was indicative of habitual behaviors. These habits were regular stable patterns of evens that became routine and would take time to change for the failing advert giant. Beer knew organizational change involved both anticipated and unanticipated changes in Ogilvy and Mather’s power and influence structure. While some of the leaders may find their influence or power increased, and others found theirs decreased as a result of Beer’s changes. Bee dealt with misunderstandings as a result of communication barriers, permeated lack of accountability during the prior leadership’s tenure. Getting the Vision Right Beers took the proper steps to hearing her stakeholders concerns while providing a listening ear. These discussion forums provided Beers with information that would help in getting the vision right. Beers did not follow the standard old way of doing things, but chartered new lines of communication. She provided the financial community with analysis that was very different from her predecessors. Beers indicated to investors where Ogilvy and Mather could become the advertising agency of choice; as they once were. She reinforced her mantra by painting a clear picture to investors of Ogilvy and Mather’s stellar work. Painting a clear vision to the masses was important to Beers, even though she was still working it out. She appealed to the emotional side of employees and leaders, which established linkage and accountability. Beers needed to get the team to establish a simple vision and strategy. She focused on the emotional and creative aspects necessary to drive service and efficiency (Kotter International, 2013). This step meant removing Ogilvy and  Mather’s old things as they were. For Beers to get the vision right, she needed to deem what were Ogilvy and Mather’s values, and why they were essential to the change when executing the vision. Communicate for Buy-in Stakeholder meetings across the United States were difficult for Beers, especially the one in Vienna. There were personality clashes, and each meeting seemed to nearly end the vision before gaining traction. Beer’s tenacity and relentlessness forged the vision Ogilvy and Mather needed to repair the damaged caused by a stalemate of change. Establishing Beer’s vision was difficult as each meeting concluded. Ogilvy desired to be the advertisement agency of choice by all of the Fortuned 500 firms. Beers addressed her leaders by getting to know them and painting a picture that would appeal to their concerns. Daniel Goleman notes six varying leadership styles, when applied to organization structures include: visionary, coaching leader, affiliate, democratic, pace-setting ad commanding (Primal Leadership, 2004). Beers adopted only three of these styles; democratic, authoritative, and coercive. With the most direct approach, Beers often used coercive leadership, which amounts to whatever the boss asks; they receive. While her authoritative approach affords autonomy when propelling individuals toward collective goals. Beers knew she had to tread lightly with this style, as Ogilvy and Mather had not yet stabilized from chaos. Beers knew she had to get united with the nay-says that was giving the changes, the most push back. While in a meeting in Westchester, New York, Beers leverage the audience to gain consensus on Ogilvy and Mather’s mission and vision. Although she was hesitant in having this meeting, she agreed to have another meeting with a larger audience. Utilizing varying leadership styles, provided Beers with trust during a different time of change for Ogilvy and Mather. Her ability to navigate during such a challenging time provided Beers with the credibility needed to galvanize the organization. References Advertising Age. (n.d.). Advertising Age AdAge Encyclopedia RSS. Retrieved November 3, 2013, from http://adage.com/article/adage-encyclopedia/tatham-laird/98897/ Can Charlotte Beers revive O&M?; Frustrated Sorrell seen as force behind agency shuffle. Daniel Goleman, Richard Boyatzis and Annie McKee, Primal Leadership, HBS Press, 2004 Advertising Age, Retrieved from Ogilvy and Mather.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/lnacademic. Kotter, J., & Cohen, D., (2002). The heart of change: real-life stories of how people change their organizations. Boston: Harvard Business School. Kotter, J. & Rathgeber, Ogilvy and Mather. (2005). Our iceberg is melting. New York: St. Martin’s Press. Ibarra, Ogilvy and Mather., & Sackley, N. (2011, September 21). Books, Cases, Articles, Audio, and More †¦. Charlotte Beers at Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide (B). Retrieved November 3, 2013, from http://hbr.org/product/charlotte-beers-at-ogilvy-mather-worldwide-b/an/495032-PDF-ENG Kotter, J. (n.d.). Step 1 Kotter International – The 8 Step Process – Step 1. Kotter International – Innovative Strategy Implementation Professionals. Retrieved October 19, 2013, from http:// Ogilvy and Mather.kotterinternational.com/our-principles/changesteps/step-1 Phillips, J., & Gully, S. M. (2012). Organizational behavior: tools for success. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Free software Essay

The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0). The freedom to study how the program works, and change it so it does your computing as you wish (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this. The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (freedom 2). The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others (freedom 3). By doing this you can give the whole community a chance to benefit from your changes. Access to the source code is a precondition for this You are free to (1)study it, (2)redistribute it, and (3) modify it. 2. Why is Linux popular? Why is it popular in academia? Bell Labs offered it to educational institutions at nominal cost. The schools, in turn, used it in their computer science programs, ensuring that computer science students became familiar with it. Because UNIX was such an advanced development system, the students became acclimated to a sophisticated programming environment. As these students graduated and went into industry, they expected to work in a similarly advanced environment. As more of them worked their way up the ladder in the commercial world, the UNIX operating system found its way into industry The source code for the operating system is readily available so that students can understand more easily how GNU/Linux works and can modify the code further to understand its operation and change the way it works. 3. What are multiuser systems? Why are they successful? Sharing the computer’s power among many users and giving them the ability to share data and programs are central features of the system. a multiuser operating system allows many people to use all of the system resources almost simultaneously The use of costly resources can be maximized and the cost per user can be minimized—the primary objectives of a multiuser operating system. 4. What is the Free Software Foundation/GNU? What is Linux? Which parts of the Linux operating system did each provide? Who else has helped build and refine this operating system? The Free Software Foundation (www. fsf. org) is the principal organizational sponsor of the GNU Project. GNU developed many of the tools, including the C compiler, that are part of the GNU/Linux Operating System Linux is the name of an operating system kernel developed by Linus Torvalds and expanded and improved by thousands of people on the Internet. Torvalds’s kernel and GNU’s tools work together as the GNU/Linux Operating System 5. In which language is Linux written? What does the language have to do with the success of Linux? 95% is written in C. Because Linux is portable, it can be adapted (ported) to different machines and can meet special requirements. For example, Linux is used in embedded computers, such as the ones found in cellphones, PDAs, and the cable boxes on top of many 10 Chapter 1 Welcome to Linux and Mac OS X TVs. The file structure takes full advantage of large, fast hard disks. Equally important, Linux was originally designed as a multiuser operating system—it was not modified to serve several users as an afterthought. Sharing the computer’s power among many users and giving them the ability to share data and programs are central features of the system 6. What is a utility program? otften reffered to as â€Å"commands† These utilities perform functions that are universally required by users. The sort utility, for example, puts lists (or groups of lists) in alphabetical or numerical order and can be used to sort lists by part number, last name, city, ZIP code, telephone number, age, size, cost, and so forth. A utility (program), sometimes referred to as a command, is a program that performs a task that is frequently related to the operating system. A utility is simpler than an application program although there is no clear line separating the two 7. What is a shell? How does it work with the kernel? With the user? In a textual environment, the shell—the command interpreter—acts as an interface between you and the operating system. its the link between user and kernal to tell it what to do. or view what the kernal is doing. its the command line interface that accepts input from the user. 8. How can you use utility programs and a shell to create your own applications? Write a shell script, also called a shell program, or a batch file under DOS. A shell script is one or more command lines contained in a file. Make the file executable and give the name of the file as a command: The shell executes the commands in the file, as though you had typed each command individually 9. Why is the Linux filesystem referred to as hierarchical? The Linux filesystem provides a structure whereby files are arranged under directories, which are like folders or boxes. Each directory has a name and can hold other files and directories. Directories, in turn, are arranged under other directories, and so forth, in a treelike organization. This structure helps users keep track of large numbers of files by grouping related files in directories. Each user has one primary directory and as many subdirectories as required 10. What is the difference between a multiprocessor and a multiprocessing system? multi processor is a computer that has more than one processor (processing units) and multiprocessing system is the fact that it can process multiple tasks at the same time Multiprocessing is the use of more than one CPU in a computer system 11. Give an example of when you would want to use a multiprocessing system. Multiprocessing is the use of more than one CPU in a computer system so when you have more than one CPU you can take advantage of it. Multiprocessing sometimes refers to the execution of multiple concurrent software processes in a system as opposed to a single process at any one instant 12. Approximately how many people wrote Linux? Why is this project unique? The Linux kernel was developed by Finnish undergraduate student Linus Torvalds The Linux operating system, which was developed through the cooperation of many, many people around the world, is a product of the Internet and is a free 13. What are the key terms of the GNU General Public License? The GPL says you have the right to copy, modify, and redistribute the code covered by the agreement When you redistribute the code, however, you must also distribute the same license with the code, thereby making the code and the license inseparable.

A Comparison of Competencies between Associate and Bachelor Degreed Nursing Graduates

Nursing is complex, and within the profession there are many spectrums of career possibilities. Nursing is based on a foundation of caring and what draws many to the profession is a commitment of service. The knowledge and education sought to prepare nurses however differs between the two â€Å"entry† level paths of associate degreed nurses and baccalaureate degree nurses and thus forms a difference in the way they perform their professional practice. Associate Degreed Nurses Associate degree nursing programs were developed in the early 1950’s as a response to postwar shortages (Creasia, Friberg. 2011) they were intended to be two years in duration and designed to prepare the graduate for bedside care in the secondary setting. These program quickly became successful and programs spread across the United States at a record pace. The associate degree program were found to be clinically sound and offered heavily hands on approach, they traditionally graduate nurses that are task oriented and perform well. Associate graduates are tested via the NCLEX after program completion to obtain licensure. The associate degreed path remains the major point of entry into the profession today. The educational prerequisite of the associate degree nursing program are not as robust in sciences often eliminating the need for organic chemistry and advanced mathematics. The associate degree nursing path also is remedial as compared to the BSN in the liberal arts, often leaving the graduate with subpar communication skills when compared to the BSN counterpart. Baccalaureate Degreed Nurses Baccalaureate degree programs are traditionally structured as four year programs with the nursing clinical focus at the latter two years. Programs differ from Associate programs in that there are courses required which  focus on the professional development of the student, and thus the growth of the profession. Baccalaureate programs prepare the graduate for scopes beyond bedside care. Leadership and research roles favor the bachelors prepared graduate. The advanced professional focus allows the graduate to view the practice beyond the task orientation of the associate degreed nurse. A comparison study (Ginger, N. Davidhizar, R., 1990) found that baccalaureate nurses were more concerned with research methodology, teaching of the individual and the group, and community assessments. The study concluded that the baccalaureate nurse was more process driven than the task oriented associate degreed nurses. Healthcare today is composed of a multiple disciplinary team of practitioners with varied levels of education, preparing nurses at the minimum of the baccalaureate level has been a push of many professional organizations. Recent research (Aiken, 2008) has confirmed a strong link in the educational level of nurses and improvement in patient mortality. The study found when the institution increased the percentage of baccalaureate prepared nurses by 10% that the corresponding mortality decreased by 4%. Practical Comparison One of the situational comparisons that I feel would demonstrate the practice focus differences of the two educational preparations is in dealing with imminent death and dying. Throughout the career of any healthcare provider we will be faced with this challenge, and while there are many task associated with the algorithm of advanced life support or complexity of the hospice patient, there are multiple psych social aspects to consider. The baccalaureate nurses educational preparation allows her to focus on the causes of the underlying pathophysiology, understand the chemistry of the multiple medications involved and problem solve for alternative treatments is initially unsuccessful. The baccalaureate nurse is able to communicate effectively with the healthcare team and reassuringly guide the family thru this difficult process. In my years of practice I feel that clinical experience and confidence can elevate the associate degreed nurse to a comparable level in this situation as well but I have seen that the baccalaureate graduate achieves this standard well before the counterpart. Patient presentation has become more complex and the array of treatments available seems almost endless. Our patients and their families deserve the  best outcomes from the best prepared team.

Fix Them or Fire Them Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fix Them or Fire Them - Case Study Example In this case, based on the fact that employee training and development programs are expensive to sustain especially if the business has a short employee turnover rate. To the company, regular expenses aimed at training employees make it a problem for employers to fire their employees rather than fix them. Fixing an employee involves the provision of counselling and motivation to do their work. During counselling, the author describes a situation where an employer meets with an employee to discuss the employee’s performance. Based on the employee’s input and output, the employer can compare the performance of that particular employee against the standard acceptable levels (11). The employee is then asked to provide a detailed self-analysis regarding the poor performance. If a clear set of reasons is established, the employer is able to make an informed decision to manage the employee such that he/she is able to deal with the factors influencing poor performance to ensure that the employee retains his work and the training and development costs of hiring new employees are managed. In the counselling of employees, employers or managers are required to remember various things among them the nature of the job, the performance record of the employee, the current and desired employee motivation, role of management in influencing good or bad performance, and the general welfare of the employee. With reference to employee motivation, managers or employers are required to remember that poor performance may not be caused by the employee. As a matter of fact, employees may lack job satisfaction at the current workplace based on their capabilities and how much they utilize their potential. Additionally, when the company thrives at ensuring that employees meet specific business goals. However, to ensure that the goals are achieved, and development is sustained, employers or managers must ensure that their employees have access to information and resources that

Why Is It Said That Packet Switching Employs Statistical Multiplexing Essay

Why Is It Said That Packet Switching Employs Statistical Multiplexing - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that multiplexing refers to a resource that is shared among many users and they are of two types;Â   The Time Division multiplexing where periodically only one user gains full capacity control at a time (TDM) and the Frequency Division Multiplex (FDM) where all users get exclusive control of the link capacity. Packet switched networks entails small units of packets being routed through a network. It is footed on the target address enclosed in each packet allowing the same trail to be shared among many consumers in the network. Thus, in this type of network, packets do not follow any pre-defined pattern as it is transmitted from different sources. From the above information, it is true that Packet switching uses statistical multiplex where data packets are transmitted to many users by a single source link. Statistical multiplexer utilizes statistical knowledge of the system and the users hence assuring the quality of service rendered. Â  T herefore, multiplexing is the process of transmitting different data packets simultaneously by combining the signals into a single signal that ably moves through a bandwidth. Later when the signal arrives at its destination it re-assimilates into its normal form and the user receives it. The accurate pattern of the multiplexing course relies heavily on the nature of transmission For example when transmitting analog the signals are multiplexed using the frequency based multiplexing where the bandwidth is alienated into subchannels, thus allowing them to flow in an analogous manner.... Its design is founded on Rate and Distortion(R-D) (Watkinson, 2008, p. 52)information hauled out from consecutive planned frames. The model considers inter-frame dependencies unambiguous to the implication of encoding limitations of a specific frame over the consecutive one. Describe how a botnet can be created and how it can be used for a DDoS attack Botnet is also known as Zombie army. They consist of large numbers of infected computers mainly by the Trojan that habitually opens the Internet Ray Chat (IRC). It simply refers to (Sun, 2007, p. 65) an organized robotic army of zombies that are used for creating a denial of service attacks (DDoS), as well as permitting spam actions in the inbox and dispersing viruses (Schiller, 2007, p. 30). Zombies are linked to the internet and thus they are used to execute wicked tasks under distant directions. Botnets has four components namely 1) Diagnosing the computer with wicked codes. 2) Connection to the command and control channel assembled by the attacker.3) Downloads secondary payload on command of the attacker and 4) Performing a wicked activity When creating a botnet one needs an access to several computers, high speed internet contact, a configuring window networking a server virtualization, installed version of c + + + 6.0 as well as a Servicer pack 6 for visual c + + + and PSDK- x86 and lastly the xBot code. Basically, botnets are created through a worm program that is normally transmitted through a spam, spyware and other adware campaigns that leaves some files behind (Watkinson, 2008, p. 76). After installing the visual C+++ 6.0, the service pack 6 and the PSDK –x86 one goes ahead to compile and configure xBot. This is done by clicking on file open workspace of the visual c+ + + 6.0 and loading the

Analysis of Lifelong Learning Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis of Lifelong Learning - Term Paper Example As serious, lifelong conditions, these disorders have generated important challenges to the systems that relate to the individuals with disabilities including educational, vocational, medical, and psychiatric systems. Diagnosis: The paired processes of diagnosis and classification of these developmental disorders characterized by disability in many spheres of function are fundamental to intervention. The diagnostic process includes all of the activities in which a clinician engages in trying to understand the nature of an individual's difficulty. The result of this process is often a narrative account, a portrait of the individual's past, the current problems, and the ways in which these problems can be related to each other and to possible underlying causes. In the course of the diagnostic process, the clinician will learn about the patient's history, observe the patient, engage in specialized investigations, and use laboratory and other methods for helping define the patient's problems and their causes. The clinician will integrate the findings from these activities based on specialized scientific knowledge. Often more than one clinician may be involved in the diagnostic process; then, the final clinical diagnostic formulation will integrate the pooled information into a coherent and consensual narrative that reflects the varied information. One component of the diagnostic process is the assignment of the patient's difficulties, signs, symptoms, pains, troubles, worries, dysfunctions, and abnormal tests to a specific class or category of illness or disorder. The newer methods of classification of developmental, psychiatric, behavioral, and mental disorders respect the distinction between diagnosing an individual and classifying his or her problems (CDC, 2004). Early Intervention Priorities: For early intervention priorities, it is to be remembered that there is no obvious physical marker for most of the conditions. The problems that result from neurobehavioural disabilities often get directed at the caregiver. These disabilities are harder to accept since these children do not ask for help in the usual lovable way. Unless one validates the problems as true disabilities, one will dismiss the problems, and instead, blame the person as being uncontrollable. The starting point for the intervention is an atypical child and his or her dysfunctions. With such disabilities, most of these children fail to learn. The early intervention priorities, therefore, deploy strategies that hammer away at the area of deficit and strategies that effectively circumvent it. In dyslexia, for example, Orton-Gillingham, a structured, multisensory approach, stressing phonics grounded on language-based learning processes, is the hammer-away approach, whereas using bo oks on tape is the circumvent approach. Both types of interventions have their essential and legitimate uses.  Ã‚  

Too much Contemporary Airline Advertising is Dishonest, Boring, Essay

Too much Contemporary Airline Advertising is Dishonest, Boring, Stereotyped and Sexiest - Essay Example The medium of advertising is made use by the companies in order to form a way of communication with the intended consumer groups regarding their respective brand names, services offered along with keeping them updated about the latest offers and changes (Goel, 2009). The different mediums of advertising facilitate the firms to keep up the channel of communication with regard to the consumers competently as well as promptly as and when required. Therefore, it could be well comprehended that advertising is considered to be vital to ensure the effectual operations of the markets with regard to the competitive industries. Advertising is also regarded as a chief way with the help of which the consumers are kept informed regarding the fresh or enhanced products as well as services (Tellis, 2004). The profits of the airlines or rather the complete industry is believed to be intensely associated with the effectiveness of the advertisements (Goel, 2009). Advantages & Disadvantages of Print Advertising for Airlines Importance of Advertising The principal objective with regard to the concept and use of advertising is not just to bring in changes in the curve of demand but it also needs to move it upwards indicating a rise in the demand for the intended product or service. It can also be stated in this context that with regard to the airlines industry on the whole, advertising is required for the reason of luring consumers towards availing the intended services who or else would not avail the service. The factor of advertising would also help in making certain of availing the services related to the airlines industry more regularly or even increasingly severely in longer periods. In case of a particular airline in such an intense competitive market, an augmentation in relation to its requirement for services might also accumulate from a transfer of passengers or consumers away from their respective competitors in the industry (Kraft, 1965). The consequence related to competitive advertising might even tend to direct towards a need that all the existing airlines companies with regard to its operating market make use of the advertisements simply for the reason of holding on to their respective share. These kinds of advertisements which are developed devoid of the intention of giving rise to a fresh requirement in suitable amounts are considered as economic waste. The majority of the advertisements with regard to the airlines companies chiefly focuses or attempts in offering the possible traveller with definite information regarding rescheduling and especially about the nature of prices related to the services offered (Kraft, 1965). Therefore, it implies that m ost of the information regarding the services offered by the airlines is provided to the consumers with the help of advertisements. It becomes essential to mention in this context that the airline companies thus, requires offering the accurate information to the consumers and keeping away from making attempts to mislead the consumers wit

Consultant Proposal (Quantitative management) Term Paper

Consultant Proposal (Quantitative management) - Term Paper Example ?Every night (or early morning) the dispatcher prepares a routeing schedule for the next day. Customers or sites to be visited are those based on calls from the previous day (regular-basis operations and one-time operations) or on complaints from sites that were not visited the day before owing to certain circumstances, e.g. breakdown of a truck, or traffic congestion. On a daily basis approximately 200 sites are to be visited and up to 20 different types of container are to be handled by a 27-truck fleet. The four types of waste can be transported to around ten waste processing facilities. Truck capacity is limited to one container unless a trailer is added. ?When scheduling the available trucks, several constraints have to be taken into account. Most of them are compatibility constraints such as: driver and truck should be seen as a combination; not all containers can be put on all trucks; driving with dangerous waste requires a special truck and a driver with an appropriate licenc e; there is a relation between waste type and waste processing facility; customers prefer certain types of container. ... ?[from Container Transport – a case study by D Cattrysse, K Geeroms, A Proost and C Van der Heyde] ASSIGNMENT TASKS ? †¢ Examine and present the problem (in your own words), determine what data you would need to collect to improve operations and where you would obtain this data, examine the literature and present a review, choose and describe an algorithm, model and/or approach that could be used to assist operations. Describe how this algorithm/model/approach could be implemented. ?†¢ Present your work in the form of a consultant’s proposal, that is, as if you were consultants who had been asked to assist the company improve operations. ASSESSMENT ELEMENTS ?†¢ Assignment Cover sheet. ?†¢ Consultant’s proposal. MARKING SCALE ?†¢ Presentation /2 ?†¢ Structure /3 ?†¢ Data description and source /2 ?†¢ Literature review /5 ?†¢ Solution method /5 ?†¢ Solution implementation /3 Total /20 marks QUOTES (TO BE USED IN PA PER) â€Å"There are promising consulting opportunities, mainly in†¦solid waste management† (Sam, 1999, pp. 92). â€Å"Integrated sustainable waste management is based on ‘good garbage governance,’ and its goal includes inclusive, financially sustainable and institutionally responsive waste management, which funcitons well for users and providers† (United Nations, 2010, pp. 141). BIBLIOGRAPHY Sam PA, 1999. International environmental consulting practice: how and where to take advantage of global opportunities. US: John Wiley & Sons. United Nations, 2010. Solid waste management in the world’s cities: water and sanitation in the world’s Cities 2010. UK: UN-HABITAT (United Nations Human Settlements

The rising cost of college tuition Research Paper

The rising cost of college tuition - Research Paper Example Some parents and students harbor the feeling that college education is an investment (Butler and Foundation Heritage 3). Therefore, they anticipate returns from the money spent. The societal perspective towards college education is to a given extent pegged towards cost whereas on another extent pegged towards the value that one would achieve out of this investment. The high cost of college education deprives persons from low-income families to acquire college education. Alongside meeting the high cost of living that has skyrocketed in the last few decades, parents have to spend more dollars in meeting the education needs of their children. The result is a continuous struggle by the low-income communities to change their lives. On the other sense, some analysts hold the view high cost of college education derail the prestige and the status of the United States higher education. Many people have started questioning the whether the students get the value for the money they pay in their bid to acquire college education. The rise in cost of college education in various states is quite astonishing given the need to acquire education for the future. ... Arguably, the challenges as well as the demands in the society seem to limit individuals from stopping the quest for college education. Some critics have pointed out that rate of increase in tuition cost have consistently exceeded the overall inflation rate. The view of critics comparing the rise in college cost to the inflation rate concludes that there has to something wrong somewhere with industry whose firms consistently raise prices faster than the inflation rate. It is unusual for firms to experience growth that is much higher than the inflation rate. The rise in the college cost has predisposed many students to seek alternative funding including acquiring education loans that they are not able to pay until they acquire employment. Many students have huge debts, which they have acquired because of their attempt to seek college education. Further, some students have to enroll for work-study program in order to raise tuition fee for their education. Although education is instrume ntal to the lives of the people today, the high college cost seems to favor a given clique in the society. The cost for engineering or medical course, for example is not affordable to a student who comes from a humble background. The fear that some critics tend to harbor is that while everybody seems to appreciate the importance of education, many might not be able to acquire such services in future especially students from low-income communities (Wilson). Largely, this argument seems to point on social economic constraints experienced by the parents and students from less fortunate families. Since money defines the type of course that a student would pursue in college, there are some possibility that some students would settle on pursuing careers that they did not

Final Report (other different copy) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Final Report (other different copy) - Essay Example Today Qatar Islamic Bank stands as one of the largest and finest financial institutions in the Islamic banking sector (Qatar Islamic Bank). QIB provides diverse financial services. It contains programs of the real estate investment, long-term business and industrial investment. Furthermore, there are services of retail banking and personal banking which QIB organizes. Altogether there are six segments in which QIB works inclusively project finance, contractual finance, asset, real estate, corporate and working capital finance (Qatar Islamic Bank). We believe in Islamic Shari’a and therefore serve the mission to provide Shari’a-compliant financial solutions to our clients. We dedicate ourselves to maximize efficiency, not just for our clients but also for the whole society that give us the clean opportunity to grow and to serve. It is innovation, which sets our path for performance and integrity (Qatar Islamic Bank). For an internship, I got appointed as an intern in the Qatar Islamic Bank. The organization titled me as CSR (customer service representative), where I had multiple tasks to manage like dealing with clients and communicating with employees for inquiries. It was basically a trainee position to go with which involved skill development, teamwork and active participation. I was part in different activities like client dealing, transactional activity or service work. Officially I was a trainee, but actually I was provided a comprehensive forum where I could explore each important area of the banking nature. It was basically non-conventional banking, giving me a chance to learn that how non-conventional banking works and functions. Overall, it was not a distinctive position like a titled one, but a diverse position, which involved different tasks and different scenarios. Becoming part of the Qatar Islamic Bank system was an ideal learning opportunity.

Albinism Essay Example for Free

Albinism Essay Albinism Background Information Albinism is a genetic disorder which affects the amount of melanin produced, in a person’s skin, hair, or eyes. Oculocutaneous albinism, Ocular albinism, and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome are other names for this genetic disorder. The disorder affects mostly men, because it is a recessive gene. Females are usually carriers. Albinism does not affect any specific ethnic or religious group. Symptoms/ Effects This Genetic Disorder affects the eyes, skin, or hair’s pigmentation. If an organism has albinism, it has little or no color in a specific part of its body. Albinistic skin burns easily. People with this disorder have to take special precautions to avoid sunburns and diseases such as skin cancer. Most types of Albinism also affect the eyes. Symptoms affecting the eyes include Crossed eyes, Light sensitivity, Rapid eye movements, Vision problems, and functional blindness. Albinistic people may have to limit their outdoor activities to avoid too much exposure to the sun. This disorder itself is not life threatening. However albinism affects many animals’ camouflage, and makes them easy prey. A human’s life span can be shortened by lung disease or bleeding problems from a form of Albinism, Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome. Testing/ Diagnostics This disorder can be detected simply by looking for pale or unnatural colored eyes, hair, or skin. To make sure, scientists use genetic tests to affirm that a person has albinism. Ophthalmologists also conduct electroretinograms to detect any optical problems. Causes Albinism is a recessive gene that can only be inherited. It is not sex-linked. Treatments Albinism cannot be cured, but it a person with albinism can wear colored contacts or sunglasses to comfort and protect their eyes. They can wear sun block and stay indoors to protect their skin. Name: Vivian Ray (Vivia)? Age: 17? Gender: F? Appearance: There, you see her first thing you notice when you see Vivia, is her grace. From her delicate structure to her fluid motions, she is elegant and nimble. Vivia has dark black/brown hair pulled into a messy bun with an ornate pen sticking out of it. She has overgrown bangs, that fall into her face. She has an odd way of talking, she looks at you straight in the eyes with her bright grey irises, while speaking with long embellished sentences in a melodic voice. Vivia does not appear to be intimidating or weak. But at the same time, both. She holds herself tall and her eyes seem be a portal to her her inner depths.? Abilities/Talents: Vivia once ice-skated and did ballet. She is moderately athletic. Vivia’s main talent is writing. She often walks around in the park trying to find the perfect word to decribe the leaves slowly falling down, or the prints in the snow. She has her own column in the Elwood High newspaper called â€Å"On the Bright Side†? Basic Likes/Dislikes:? Likes: Vivia like things that are well though out, poems, artwork, and anything else. She loves sour things, and is often sucking a lemon head. When asked her favorite color she thinks of her late mother’s grey eyes (the only trait she inherited from her mother) and replies without hesitation, grey. She loves fruit and would pick it over any other dessert, likes listening to instrumental music . She also likes to reread her dog-eared copies of Shakespeare in her free time.? Dislike: The number one thing Vivia dislikes is being wrong. She does not like the uncertainty and indecisiveness she often suffers from. She also does not like people who stereotype and make assumptions about her. She tends to not work as hard if she is forced to do something instead of herself choosing to do something. Vivia also absolutely hates suspense, and has yet to read a full mystery without skipping to the end.? Personality: Vivia, is usually not the loudest person, and often simply listens in the background. However, her writing truly shows who she is, and wants to be. She is often caught dreaming about what would happen if her life were different. She has a temper if you annoy her enough to find it. She can be stubborn, and is very fair.? Background Information: As a senior at Aberle High, Vivia is being pressured into making the big decision as to what career path she should choose. Her father is pushing her toward a doctorate, while she would rather become an author.? Relationships: Vivia’s mother was a journalist and died in a car accident while driving to the scene of er next story. She lives with her father and little brother. She loves her father and wants to make him proud. There, you see her, leaning against a tree

Fast Food and the Problems with Fast Food Essay Example for Free

Fast Food and the Problems with Fast Food Essay Fast Food Having an Effect on U. S Health Fast food chains are anywhere and everywhere. You cannot drive to town without passing at least two or three of these â€Å"restaurants. † The concept behind fast food was a good idea, but the results were catastrophic in the health aspect. Now that fast food has become one of the top industries in the world, everything has gone awry. The fast food industry has drastically changed the way people view food, how convenience is rising and the cost for products. Fast food restaurants first started as drive-ins with car hops, but in the 1980’s began with drive-thru windows. McDonald’s was one of the first ones to convert from car hops to drive-thru windows. The idea of fast food service brought about a whole new concept to how we view food. Without proper education in the health field typical Americans would not know what their body needs and what they consume. Maybe if that was the case the obesity rate and rates of chronic heart disease would plummet and we could focus on more important problems. When these restaurants began to spring up, it spread like wildfire. Sonic, McDonalds, Burger King, Wendy’s and etc. all became multi-million dollar companies. They discovered they could mass-produce products that were cheap and that could make them money faster than what they had to been doing before (Super-Size Me). Fast food has sprung up and become a leading industry because they are focused on quick, cheap food for people. Despite how bad it is for them it is cheap and fast to produce. They are extremely convenient due to the drive-thru windows that are being incorporated into any and all fast food restaurants. The food that you buy is relatively inexpensive and cheap also. Another key point to fast food restaurants popularity is that they are advertising their foods more towards the children. McDonald’s has their cartoon show that advertises their products to children along with the play places and their mascot, Ronald McDonald. They also incorporate toys and such for the kids’ meals. Burger King does something similar to McDonald’s with their characters. There are many lawsuits against corporations advertising to children for fast food, which are still being reviewed for the time being. This advertising is being sued because of the high rates of obesity in younger children is sky rocketing and chronic heart diseases at younger ages is also a factor in these lawsuits (Food, Inc). The health factors play perhaps the largest role in any type of food industry. â€Å"The disadvantages to fast food is that the products are higher in soya, fat, sugar, oil, fried meat, salt cheese, mayonnaise, and obviously salt†(Bose). There are very little nutrients in fast food if any due to the process of frying the foods to cook them. There is also bacteria present on the food before frying it which can do harm to our bodies if not destroyed also. There is a direct link between fast food and obesity, coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes. Fast food is loaded with salt and fats that are not needed for the body to function which after a long period of â€Å"exposure† can lead to CHD and obesity. â€Å"Eating fast food two or more times a week was also found to increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 27 percent† (University of Minnesota). The advantages of fast food are more for convenience than nutrition. †In a survey done by WebMD the top 11 reasons for eating fast food are as follows: They’re quick, they’re easy to get to, I like the taste of fast food, they’re inexpensive, I’m too busy to cook, it’s a â€Å"treat† for myself, I don’t like to prepare foods myself, I don’t like to prepare foods myself, My friends/family like them, it is a way of socializing with friends and family, they have many nutritious foods to offer, they’re fun and entertaining†(Hitti). This survey just shows that most Americans do not have time or do not make the time to prepare meals for themselves and their families. If families are too be healthier individuals they need to make time to prepare meals for the entire family. Choosing one day out of the week to cook meals for the whole week is a great and convenient solution to this problem. The major chains that have flourished greatly are McDonald’s with their advertising towards children and very inexpensive foods, Burger King with their better â€Å"quality† tasting food, and Sonic which kept the drive in style fast food, but incorporated a drive thru into their layout. Each of these restaurants have one thing in common, they all advertise to children as their main concentration. Keeping their restaurants friendly and geared towards kids pushes the kids to want to keep going to these places so they can eat and play. Sonic does not offer a play place or anything like what Burger King and McDonald’s have. Sonic keeps more of the older style of fast food using car hops and drive ins which plays to their advantage being one of the very few restaurants that even do this anymore. One of the biggest problems with fast food is that they try to keep us in the dark about what we are consuming. That should raise the question of what is being hidden from us. In the documentary, Food Inc. all of the corporations producing foods refused to comment on their procedures. The farmers were not even allowed to let the cameramen into their chicken houses. This alone should tell us there is something that these companies are hiding that could cause them to lose a lot of money. If you watch closely to how these companies operate then that alone should raise an eyebrow or two as to what is their big secret and why are we the consumers kept in the dark about this. For McDonalds, the chicken nuggets they sale are not actually chicken nuggets. The â€Å"nuggets† are the leftovers of the chicken made into a pink paste like substance that is then made into a chicken nugget. None of the meats made are 100 percent beef or chicken or fish. The products are leftovers of the real ingredients ground up and mixed with other products to make what we consume. Trans-fatty acids are placed into the products to preserve them which only make them worse for us, which leads to insulin resistance over time and cause Type 2 diabetes. The beef has been reported to have less than 2 percent actual beef in the burgers. Many of the mystery ingredients in fast food are typically industrial chemicals. The occurrence with deaths due to how our food is processed is becoming a major concern for most states. Unfortunately FDA regulations are very lax with food processing companies and fast food companies because some of the â€Å"big wigs† are working for these food companies (Food, Inc. ). The beef that is being processed for our consumption are typically standing in their own manure, which causes infected meats and disease ridden food. Also chicken houses are very similar to the way beef is raised. The chickens are packed into these houses and pumped with steroids so they will grow much faster and much larger than normal. This means less time spent raising the chicken and faster money in the pockets of the corporations. Food is an essential part of life. It is necessary to live and to function throughout the day. The type of food we consume is up to us, we can have healthy, nutritious food or we can have quick, unhealthy food. The choice comes down to our knowledge of what we consume and need as humans. Unfortunately fast food has changed how we view food, how convenience is a greater commodity than nutrition and the cost for products. Works Cited Bose, Debopriya. â€Å"Advantages and Disadvantages of Fast Food. † 12 Nov. 2013. Buzzle. Web. Clarke, Nancy. â€Å"Health Risks Involved When Eating Fast Food. † 9 Sep. 2013. Demand Media. Web. Food, Inc. Dir. Robert Kenner. Perf. Michael Pollan, Eric Schlosser, Gary Hirschberg, and Joe Halatin. Magnolia Pictures, 2008. Documentary. Henshaw, Ashley. â€Å"The Major Health Hazards of Fast Food. † 9 Sept. 2013. SymptomFind. Web. Hitti, Miranda. â€Å"Top 11 Reasons for Fast Food’s Popularity. † 12 Nov. 2013. WebMD. Web. Pereira, Mark, David S. Ludwig, Alex I. Kartashov, Cara B. Ebbeling, Linda Van Horn, Martha L. Slattery, David R. Jacobs. â€Å"Fast-food Habits, Weight Gain, and Insulin Resistance (The CARDIA Study): 15-Year Prospective Analysis. † 9 Sept. 2013. 365. 9453(2005): 36-42. Web. 9 Sept. 2013 Martindale, Diane. â€Å"Fast Food is a Major Public Health Hazard 177. 2380. † 2 July 2012. Organic Consumers Association. 9 Sept. 2013. Web. Super-Size Me. Dir. Morgan Spurlock. Perf. Morgan Spurlock, Daryl Isaacs, and Lisa Ganjhu. Kathbur Pictures, 2004. Documentary. University of Minnesota Academic Health Center. â€Å"Fast Food Intake Increases Risk of Diabetes and Heart Disease in Singapore. † ScienceDaily. 9 Sept. 2013. Web. Weiss, Thomas C. â€Å"Associated Health Risks of Eating Fast Foods. †. Disabled World. Fast Food Having an Effect on U. S Health Fast food chains are anywhere and everywhere. You cannot drive to town without passing at least two or three of these â€Å"restaurants. † The concept behind fast food was a good idea, but the results were catastrophic in the health aspect. Now that fast food has become one of the top industries in the world, everything has gone awry. The fast food industry has drastically changed the way people view food, how convenience is rising and the cost for products. Fast food restaurants first started as drive-ins with car hops, but in the 1980’s began with drive-thru windows. McDonald’s was one of the first ones to convert from car hops to drive-thru windows. The idea of fast food service brought about a whole new concept to how we view food. Without proper education in the health field typical Americans would not know what their body needs and what they consume. Maybe if that was the case the obesity rate and rates of chronic heart disease would plummet and we could focus on more important problems. When these restaurants began to spring up, it spread like wildfire. Sonic, McDonalds, Burger King, Wendy’s and etc. all became multi-million dollar companies. They discovered they could mass-produce products that were cheap and that could make them money faster than what they had to been doing before (Super-Size Me). Fast food has sprung up and become a leading industry because they are focused on quick, cheap food for people. Despite how bad it is for them it is cheap and fast to produce. They are extremely convenient due to the drive-thru windows that are being incorporated into any and all fast food restaurants. The food that you buy is relatively inexpensive and cheap also. Another key point to fast food restaurants popularity is that they are advertising their foods more towards the children. McDonald’s has their cartoon show that advertises their products to children along with the play places and their mascot, Ronald McDonald. They also incorporate toys and such for the kids’ meals. Burger King does something similar to McDonald’s with their characters. There are many lawsuits against corporations advertising to children for fast food, which are still being reviewed for the time being. This advertising is being sued because of the high rates of obesity in younger children is sky rocketing and chronic heart diseases at younger ages is also a factor in these lawsuits (Food, Inc). The health factors play perhaps the largest role in any type of food industry. â€Å"The disadvantages to fast food is that the products are higher in soya, fat, sugar, oil, fried meat, salt cheese, mayonnaise, and obviously salt†(Bose). There are very little nutrients in fast food if any due to the process of frying the foods to cook them. There is also bacteria present on the food before frying it which can do harm to our bodies if not destroyed also. There is a direct link between fast food and obesity, coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes. Fast food is loaded with salt and fats that are not needed for the body to function which after a long period of â€Å"exposure† can lead to CHD and obesity. â€Å"Eating fast food two or more times a week was also found to increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 27 percent† (University of Minnesota). The advantages of fast food are more for convenience than nutrition. †In a survey done by WebMD the top 11 reasons for eating fast food are as follows: They’re quick, they’re easy to get to, I like the taste of fast food, they’re inexpensive, I’m too busy to cook, it’s a â€Å"treat† for myself, I don’t like to prepare foods myself, I don’t like to prepare foods myself, My friends/family like them, it is a way of socializing with friends and family, they have many nutritious foods to offer, they’re fun and entertaining†(Hitti). This survey just shows that most Americans do not have time or do not make the time to prepare meals for themselves and their families. If families are too be healthier individuals they need to make time to prepare meals for the entire family. Choosing one day out of the week to cook meals for the whole week is a great and convenient solution to this problem. The major chains that have flourished greatly are McDonald’s with their advertising towards children and very inexpensive foods, Burger King with their better â€Å"quality† tasting food, and Sonic which kept the drive in style fast food, but incorporated a drive thru into their layout. Each of these restaurants have one thing in common, they all advertise to children as their main concentration. Keeping their restaurants friendly and geared towards kids pushes the kids to want to keep going to these places so they can eat and play. Sonic does not offer a play place or anything like what Burger King and McDonald’s have. Sonic keeps more of the older style of fast food using car hops and drive ins which plays to their advantage being one of the very few restaurants that even do this anymore. One of the biggest problems with fast food is that they try to keep us in the dark about what we are consuming. That should raise the question of what is being hidden from us. In the documentary, Food Inc. all of the corporations producing foods refused to comment on their procedures. The farmers were not even allowed to let the cameramen into their chicken houses. This alone should tell us there is something that these companies are hiding that could cause them to lose a lot of money. If you watch closely to how these companies operate then that alone should raise an eyebrow or two as to what is their big secret and why are we the consumers kept in the dark about this. For McDonalds, the chicken nuggets they sale are not actually chicken nuggets. The â€Å"nuggets† are the leftovers of the chicken made into a pink paste like substance that is then made into a chicken nugget. None of the meats made are 100 percent beef or chicken or fish. The products are leftovers of the real ingredients ground up and mixed with other products to make what we consume. Trans-fatty acids are placed into the products to preserve them which only make them worse for us, which leads to insulin resistance over time and cause Type 2 diabetes. The beef has been reported to have less than 2 percent actual beef in the burgers. Many of the mystery ingredients in fast food are typically industrial chemicals. The occurrence with deaths due to how our food is processed is becoming a major concern for most states. Unfortunately FDA regulations are very lax with food processing companies and fast food companies because some of the â€Å"big wigs† are working for these food companies (Food, Inc. ). The beef that is being processed for our consumption are typically standing in their own manure, which causes infected meats and disease ridden food. Also chicken houses are very similar to the way beef is raised. The chickens are packed into these houses and pumped with steroids so they will grow much faster and much larger than normal. This means less time spent raising the chicken and faster money in the pockets of the corporations. Food is an essential part of life. It is necessary to live and to function throughout the day. The type of food we consume is up to us, we can have healthy, nutritious food or we can have quick, unhealthy food. The choice comes down to our knowledge of what we consume and need as humans. Unfortunately fast food has changed how we view food, how convenience is a greater commodity than nutrition and the cost for products. Works Cited Bose, Debopriya. â€Å"Advantages and Disadvantages of Fast Food. † 12 Nov. 2013. Buzzle. Web. Clarke, Nancy. â€Å"Health Risks Involved When Eating Fast Food. † 9 Sep. 2013. Demand Media. Web. Food, Inc. Dir. Robert Kenner. Perf. Michael Pollan, Eric Schlosser, Gary Hirschberg, and Joe Halatin. Magnolia Pictures, 2008. Documentary. Henshaw, Ashley. â€Å"The Major Health Hazards of Fast Food. † 9 Sept. 2013. SymptomFind. Web. Hitti, Miranda. â€Å"Top 11 Reasons for Fast Food’s Popularity. † 12 Nov. 2013. WebMD. Web. Pereira, Mark, David S. Ludwig, Alex I. Kartashov, Cara B. Ebbeling, Linda Van Horn, Martha L. Slattery, David R. Jacobs. â€Å"Fast-food Habits, Weight Gain, and Insulin Resistance (The CARDIA Study): 15-Year Prospective Analysis. † 9 Sept. 2013. 365. 9453(2005): 36-42. Web. 9 Sept. 2013 Martindale, Diane. â€Å"Fast Food is a Major Public Health Hazard 177. 2380. † 2 July 2012. Organic Consumers Association. 9 Sept. 2013. Web. Super-Size Me. Dir. Morgan Spurlock. Perf. Morgan Spurlock, Daryl Isaacs, and Lisa Ganjhu. Kathbur Pictures, 2004. Documentary. University of Minnesota Academic Health Center. â€Å"Fast Food Intake Increases Risk of Diabetes and Heart Disease in Singapore. † ScienceDaily. 9 Sept. 2013. Web. Weiss, Thomas C. â€Å"Associated Health Risks of Eating Fast Foods. †. Disabled World.

Effect of Knowledge Sharing on Personal and Cultural Factors

Effect of Knowledge Sharing on Personal and Cultural Factors Theory of Knowledge With reference to two areas of knowledge discuss the way in which shared knowledge can shape personal knowledge. In this essay, we are faced with the question as to how shared knowledge can shape personal knowledge. Can the world be improved every time each individual contributes his own knowledge for the benefit of someone else? Is knowledge sharing the key to success? Initially, I will provide definitions of key-notions for better understanding of the difference between shared knowledge and personal knowledge, which is summarized by what â€Å"I know† and what â€Å"we know†. According to the Oxford Dictionaries, knowledge is defined as â€Å"facts, information, and skills acquired through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject†[1]. Personal knowledge is not certainly the same as community knowledge. What an individual knows or how an individual makes knowledge and what community knows are different matters. Personal knowledge is the knowledge acquired through observation or personal experiences by an individual[2]. Shared knowledge is the knowledge shared between people who exchange through information, skills, or expertise[3]. These definitions are neither the correct, nor only definitions of these terms. The classic general example would be with a patient that has a problem with his leg, where the surgeon would want to operate, the pharmacist would want to medicate, the physiotherapist would want to exercise the musco-skeletal system, the priest would pray and so on. Each of them would take its own approach based on his background and shared knowledge held by profession. However, knowledge sharing encompasses not only the sharing of â€Å"great things†, but equally the sharing of â€Å"little things† with the intention of improving the way things get done.[4] Natural Sciences and History provide plenty of examples which show unique study of the past and influence the present. To begin with, can we use a scientific method to develop personal knowledge from shared knowledge? Darwin’s famed evolutionary theories in On the Origin of Species, where the notion that all life is related and descended from a common ancestor: the birds and the bananas, the fishes and the flowers, all are related. The organism’s genetic code is altered as the genes mutate, of which the beneficial mutations remain because they ensure survival, a process called â€Å"natural selection†. Survival and adaption is determined by natural selection. Darwin’s theory became a theory in crisis in light of the tremendous advances made in molecular biology, biochemistry and genetics over the years. Thus shared knowledge led Darwin to concede that â€Å"if it could be demonstrated that any complex organ existed, which could not possibly have been formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications, my theory would absolutely break down†[5]. DNA testing reveals our genetic make-up and, along with genetics, is a means of helping scientists to establish reasoni ng behind how species have originated from a common ancestor. The Human Genome Project, through its sequencing of the DNA, can help us understand diseases including viruses and appropriate treatment, identification of different forms of cancer, the design of medication and their effects, advances in forensic and applied sciences, biofuels and other energy applications, agriculture, livestock breeding, bioprocessing; risk assessment, bioarcheology, anthropology, evolution. It becomes clear that knowledge is perishable, increasingly short lived and to get most things done you need to share with people to achieve your objectives[6]. On the other hand, for centuries people believed that life was created from elements and not from eggs, seeds or other ways of reproduction. The first to believe in this theory was Aristotle who based his thinking on the studies that Anaximander and Hippolytus had previously made and said that life came spontaneously like mud and earth when exposed to sunlight. The theory of the spontaneity of life continued to be believed for thousands of years after Aristotle until 1877, when Louis Pasteur proved that this theory was wrong. He showed that it was not possible for maggots to appear on meat in a sealed container[7]. Pasteur demonstrated that fermentation occurs through the growth of micro-organisms and the emergent growth of bacteria is due to biogenesis (all life from life). Thus the â€Å"personal knowledge† of difference is changing which then affects the whole group/the shared knowledge. Although truth is an objective requirement for knowledge, belief is a subjective requirement for it. Reason gives us greater certainty than perception or belief. What we often hear is said that science has proved something. â€Å"Every scientist knows that science advances only if knowledge is shared†, said Dr. Walt Warnick[8] . If scientific knowledge is not shared, then research may not be done accurately. It is better if scientists share their opinions and thoughts in order to progress and succeed in finding new aspects in several different fields. Every single scientist has to have the incentive to share, use and improve his judgment, disclose ideas or being open to everything is more correct. Scientific progress needs a background of careful observation and imagination plays an important role in the development of new scientific ideas. Thus, part of Copernicus’ genius was that while he saw what everyone else saw when he looked at the night sky, he came up with a di fferent way of looking at it, although this idea did not catch on when the Greek astronomer Aristarchus had suggested that the earth goes round the sun as early as the third century BC . Hence, the vast majority of our knowledge is neither personal nor individual but it is knowledge shared with the rest of the knowledge of the community. Despite the success of the natural sciences we need to keep in mind that they do not have a monopoly for knowledge. â€Å"History is but the register of human crimes and misfortunes† said Voltaire. History seeks to reconstruct past on the basis of evidence that can be found in the present. History is knowledge and â€Å"those who don’t study the past are condemned to repeat it† (George Santayana). The emerging concept of knowledge democracy addresses the relationships between knowledge production and distribution of knowledge. Although the Athenian democracy was based on open deliberation and voting and recognized this as a distinctive way of gaining knowledge about the world and acting upon that knowledge, it was depended also on the willingness of the citizen participants to accept the implicit assumptions they lived by, and the information on the basis of which they cast their votes. Athenian political culture was based on collective opinion rather than on cer tain knowledge and on the assumption that opinion could be translated on practical reality through democratic political process[9]. Thucydides developed what the world described as historical knowledge and he was supported by the majority of Athenians. Thus the personal knowledge of each Athenian became shared knowledge of all the Athenians and vice versa the shared knowledge of the majority of Athenians became personal knowledge of each one of them. History is not simply concerned with describing the past and explaining it. The study of history is something that can give us good judgment about human affairs. On the other hand, history, as a shared knowledge, is a defence against propaganda. One of the best known examples of the abuse of history is from the Stalinist era in the former Soviet Union and the propaganda within Nazi Germany. Communist propaganda in the Soviet Union was based on the Marxist-Leninist ideology to promote the Communist party. Propaganda was part of education, broadcast by any means possible from schools to cinema, with a goal to build a society on the basis of common ownership of the means of production, where the society would be completely under the control of the state. Propaganda is the art of persuasion and Joseph Goebbels was in charge in Nazi Germany of Hitler. His role was to control and censor information available to the German population that could subject the Nazi party to any hostile or damaging opinions. This meant that the pro-Nazi information broadcast to the public was ever more persuasive in nature. Hitler managed to convince 70 million rational people to engage in horrible atrocities and wage war against the world using his speeches and propaganda[10]. Thus history, which is shared knowledge, is concerned with the past and one obvious problem with trying to know the past is that it no longer exists. History is based on primary sources, but since they are selective interpretation of events they cannot always be taken at face value[11] since memory, emotion, sense perception, reason, faith, belief,language play an important role. In conclusion, what are the implications of this shared knowledge for one’s own individual knowledge? Personal experience, vision and inspiration can contribute to shared knowledge when that personal knowledge is communicated to and accepted by the community as it happened with Copernicus’ or Louis Pasteur’s theories. It could also be argued that the relationship between shared and personal knowledge is bi-directional and inseparable. But, shared knowledge of democracy shaped the personal knowledge of each Athenian. History of one’s own nation might give deeper understanding of one’s own past. Day- to- day work of scientists working within the â€Å"paradigm† has made scientists more aware and more receptive to the evolution of the scientific views, as Thomas Kuhn claimed. However, propaganda during Stalinist or Nazi era show that â€Å"paradigm† shifts are more likely in loose shared knowledge and may cause the total controversy of the world.[12] 1 [1] http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/knowledge [2] http://thelawdictionary.org/personal-knowledge/ [3] Frost, Alan.Knowledge Sharing. KMT. Retrieved 17 April 2013.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_sharing) [4]  http://www.gurteen.com/gurteen/gurteen.nsf/id/ksculture [5] Political Dissent in Democratic Athens: Intellectual Critics p.35 [6] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Genome_Project [7] http://www.toptenz.net/top-10-most-famous-scientific-theories-that-turned-out-to-be-wrong.php [8] http://www.osti.gv/home/ostiblog/knowledge-investment-curve-0 [9] http://web.stanford.edu/group/dispersed_author/docs/ThucydidesCriticism.pdf [10] http://brainblogger.com/2008/11/04/hitlers-guide-to-propaganda-the-psychology-of-coercion/ [11] Theory of Knowledge. Richard van de Lagemaat,p.320 [12] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Kuhn

Chasing Ghosts :: Personal Narrative Writing

Chasing Ghosts A rather unnatural wind would blow through our town. We used to sit around the Sunday dinner table and recite prayers from the Bible after my mother had cleared the dishes. But first, in silence we would stare at the dark brown swirls of color in the wood, resting our chins on crossed arms. We could hear the grate and grind of metal forks and knives against plates as my mother soaped the dishes in the kitchen. The hiss of the faucet would stop, and after the sound of her cotton apron’s catching on the splintery wall, the apron left hung to dry, she would emerge from the swinging door, the kitchen light flashing like a strobe into the dining room with each swoop of the door’s swing, yawning open then snapping back shut, on and off, on and off. She would seat herself back at the table, her chair complaining with a low creak and moan as she sat. My father, meanwhile, would be off staring into the cornfield, always inspecting those rows that stood at-the-ready, motionless for miles. Would you like to read tonight, Luke? I know this is one of your favorite stories. This was not a question, so much as a command disguised as thrilling proposition. With silent obedience I would thumb to the desired verse, flipping page by page in order to stall for as long as possible. The whole time she would watch me, her head clamped into rigid position as if her graying hair, having pulled itself into a tight bun, had also cinched itself around her neck muscles. After an interminably long interval, she would utter words of salvation and great joy. Thank you Luke. That was wonderfully read. We would transfer ourselves onto the couch by the television. Father Morrissey would be on. Out the corners of my eyes, I would catch patches of light and color throbbing across the screen. I would stare out the window into the silent boredom that would drape itself over the town with every nightfall. My father would catch me, Luke, watch the television, you will not do this Christian family shame, but I knew that he was as indifferent as I was. From past the miles of drab houses and empty fields and speechless crops, I would wait for it, for anything, to come. At night, while our parents slept, my brother and I would talk.

The Free Will in Meditations on First Philosophy by Descartes Essay

The Free Will in Meditations on First Philosophy by Descartes I In Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes takes the reader through a methodological exercise in philosophical enquiry. After stripping the intellect of all doubtful and false beliefs, he re-examines the nature and structure of being in an attempt to secure a universally valid epistemology free from skepticism. Hoping for the successful reconciliation of science and theology, Descartes works to reconstruct a new foundation of absolute and certain truth to act as a catalyst for future scientific research by â€Å"showing that a mathematical [rational-objective] physics of the world is attainable by creatures with our intellectual capacities and faculties† (Shand 1994, p. 84). Descartes’ conception of absolute and limitless â€Å"freedom,† which he ascribed to humanity, is every bit as unique and radical as the existential notion of freedom present to the philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre. However, the claim of boundless freedom within the writings of Descartes seems even more remarkable in light of the fact that he proposed the philosophical method within the theological strictures of Catholicism. With Cartesian study primarily focused on the significance of human consciousness and the sum res cogitans, rarely does one find exclusive attention devoted to the paramount importance of the free will in Descartes’ overall project. This essay investigates the theory of the free will as expressed in the Fourth Meditation and analyzes Descartes’ contention that we are â€Å"infinitely† free and ultimately responsible for the choices we make. In arguing that the use of the free will is essential in determining the veracity of all ideas one comes upon, clear and distinct or othe... ...ilosophy is somewhat problematic and often referred to as the Cartesian Circle. â€Å"We cannot, without certainty,† declares John Shand, â€Å"prove God’s existence by means of propositions and arguments whose truth and validity depend upon assuming God’s existence† (Shand :1994, p 87). 4 Although Descartes states explicitly in the Synopsis of the Six Meditations that he is not concerned with judging things which pertain to faith or the conduct of life, and is instead focused exclusively on errors that occur when judging the true and the false; he is nonetheless doing theodicy. Descartes is asking in essence: â€Å"How could God, who is in possession of all perfection, including omni-benevolence, allow humans to fall into error (do evil) so readily?† Descartes’ reply: â€Å"Error (evil) has nothing to do with God and everything to do with us.†

Pfizer Case Study :: Business Strategy Management Analysis

Pfizer Case Study Pfizer Inc. is a large pharmaceutical company that engages in the discovery of new technologies, the manufacture of prescription and "over the counter" (OTC) medicines, as well as the marketing of such products. It operates in three distinct segments that include Human Health, Consumer Healthcare, and Animal Health. For fiscal year 2004, the company generated approximately $53 billion in revenue that contributed to over $11 billion in net income.(Pfizer, 2004) The Cow and Calf division of the Animal Health segment markets its products direct to cattle ranchers. Such products include vaccines, medications, and antibiotics to support healthy and consistent herds of beef producing cattle. It segmented the market into three distinct categories. Hobbyists herd less than 100 cows; Traditionalists commonly carry between 100 to 499, and Businesses are working with 500 or more. (Mohr, 1999) Time spent in the field with the ranchers was allocated based on the volume of product purchased by each individual. Those that spent higher dollar amounts received the most attention (in the form of personal visits, seminar offerings, and trial product samples). Although the ranchers appreciate the visits and the personal attention from the sales representatives they trust their veterinarians opinion over everyone else. Pfizer has traditionally used two distribution channels for its Animal Health products: Veterinarian Offices and Feed Stores. It has also tended to view the rancher as the end user of its product, but due to the size segmentation it may or may not understand each individual customers need, nor does it grasp its role in the larger supply chain (Ranchers-Feed Lots-Meat Packers-Retail-Consumers). At the time of the case, the beef industry was in a state of decline. Increasing consumer sentiment towards the negative health effects of red meat timed with increasing inventories of product supplied from Canada and Mexico as a result of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) had caused prices in the consumer market to plummet. (Mohr, 1999) As a result, ranchers were seeing that their finished product was commanding lesser dollar values while their inputs of feed and medication was remaining the same or rising. Another factor contributing to the shrinking profit margins of beef producers was the overall consistency and quality of the meat. Products such as pork and chicken were beginning to be packaged by Tyson and Perdue as ready to eat meals (Mohr, 1999).

Aid to the Unprivileged People

The Helping Hand The helping hand would be my organization to open up for the people who have low income or needs assistance with their personal business. People with low income or needs assistance sometimes need help paying their light bill, rent, gas bill and etc. I think all people need assistance such as rich or poor people. The rich people do not have the money like they say they do some rich people end up foreclosing their homes because they cannot afford their homes.Today society a lot of different organization gives aid to the people with less income, some think having luxuries are better than going by their basic needs, and some are not equal and do not have the same dignity. The people that have more morally required giving aid to people with less say everyone needs help sometimes. People struggle with kids not Just bills. Some parents cannot afford shoes, clothes, or their kids something to eat. Some organizations such as Salvation Army and churches help needy people or lo w income people with them and their kids.I think the less fortunate people and the fortunate people need help it does not matter if they are rich or not. People need assistance sometimes even if their check is short or they don't have enough to pay all of their bills. Yes, it is wrong to enjoy luxuries when others are lacking. Churches are they main suspects, however; they take the money and give to the preachers and first lady when it should be in a fund for families that need assistance. The preachers take the money and buy new suits or a new car instead of putting the money on the church, raising a fund or charity.Christ centers only helps disabled people when I think it should be everybody. We understand that disabled people need help too but other people are struggling every day to make ends meet. Everybody have equal basic moral status which they have the same fundamental rights. The dignity of every person is their concern with how they feel, think, and behave in relation to the worth or value of themselves and other people. To treat a person with dignity is like treating them like being worth or respected individuals. For example, the Christ Center they only help people who are disabled.I think they should help anybody who needs help or struggling to make ends meet. From the moral aspects we are all equal and no one is privileged. Some people feel like they are turned down because of their ethnicity or their bringing home pay. People may make a lot but still have hard ship. People who are turned down are more likely to stress, do something crazy, or let all their belongings be repossessed. People rob banks and other people Just because they think that will help them get back on their feet. Robbing banks and people does not help them get back on their feet because t causes problems such as Jail or end up hurting people.

Oprah Winfrey’s 2008 Stanford Speech

This deliverance was whatsoever three les passwords that Oprah Winfrey has bugger off across in her maestro and personal life. She let divulgeed nearly striving to be yourself and non anyone else and how you peck grasp failure and turn it slightly by embracement it and finding the solution, and lastly how happiness comes when you birth got back to early(a)s. Her foremost lesson was to the highest degree striving to be your view got self she let looseed about in the lineage of her professional travel when she had a handicraft in Baltimore as a word gumption. She was constantly holding Barbara Walters as the mountain chain she wanted to be in her cargoner and wanted to be manage.So she was al slipway difficult to blab out like Barbara, look like Barbara and act like Barbara And she kept acquiring it wrong. She felt the need to be spontaneous and more of herself when she would contemplate some of the headings. curiously upsetting headings with disasters i nvolved. So she would sometimes not pre-read any of headings until she was live so it would come across more realistic. She once cover a story of a dread expel and afterwards ran to the scene and easeed the fire victims by providing blankets. She neer lost her empathy.She ran into some ramparts during this moving in that ultimately wait oned her find her dead on target purpose in life. The premier barrier was that her boss let her know that they did not like the way she looked, and that they wanted to afford her a new name that they intellection would be more friendly and would be remembered by the public. She refused to change her name yet did try to improve her looks by getting a perm that eventu in ally do her hair fall out. She was let go from her position as the news anchor and placed on a talk project instead. It was t here on the talk show that she felt she was at al-Qaida and knew she had represent her purpose in her life.So here she learned that she should neer try to be anyone other than herself and that when you are doing something you are supposed to do you will feel make up about it. She referred to it as feeling at home. Her second lesson was about embracing your failures and leaning with them instead of resisting them to find the solution. She talked about some of her failures and how she gained from them instead of being devastated. She mentioned her job loss in Baltimore at first she was upset but it turned out to be one of the best things to have ever happened to her because out of t she would up on a television show and found her place in her futurity HUGE professional life. She talked about how your catcat bowel usher out tell you a lot. When you are doing something youre supposed to be doing your gut will let you know it. When youre doing something you probably shouldnt be doing, your gut will overly tell you. Something on the nose wont feel discipline. That thither is an inner voice inside you that you moldiness f ollow and that it guides you through life. She calls is lifes whisper. Oprah stressed that when devastation hits you, attain a step back and accept what is this trying to teach me? She told the story of create a groom in Africa for girls and took so much effort into making certain(a) the building was perfect for the girls. Then she found out that one of the dorm matrons was pretend of sexually abusing the girls. She verbalized how devastating this was to her and that she had to get wind a step back and adopt herself what was the lesson here? She realized she was paying anxiety to all the wrong things. That she built that school from outside in, when what really mattered was the inside. She also verbalized that she feels you never stop education.She was referring to the graduates of Stanford that their education journeying does not end her and that looks to the earth as a huge school never ending learning experience, and that she is still learning to this day. She went o ver a few quotes by her father and by BB office. Her last lesson was about giving back to others. And in coiffe to be happy you MUST give back to others. And with that comes happiness. It gives you gratitude and makes you feel good. She also say to be a part of something large than yourself because life is a reciprocal exchange.She expressed that giving back is the greatest lesson of all to her. She talked about how in her charge how she has devoted back in numerous amounts of ways and gave advice for whenever youre in a mess, you help someone else get out of a mess whenever you are in pain, help someone else in pain, whenever you have a loss help someone else with a loss. She talked about how the founders of Stanford University lost their son and how they took their pain and sorrow and channeled it into grace and started the University and helped other people with children like their son.She told the students that whatever their vocation may be that they use their cogency t o help others and pass along greatness. She cease with a Martin Luther King, Jr. quote. Speech outline Oprah gained the audiences assist right away because she is a widely cognize influential media leader. She is the Oprah Winfrey. She started by telling the audience she had a secret and that one of the students Kirby (Gail Kings daughter) was her divinity fudge daughter and gave a quick story of how she knows Kirby and how proud she was of her god daughter for graduating.This was also part of an attention getter. Oprah used good eye pertain and her voice manner was in truth articulate and sure of herself. She is obviously a really experienced speaker, being Oprah. She used mentality throughout her speech such as saying Stanford with a serious face in her voice. She kept her speech truly relatable to the graduates of Stanford by talking about her professional career and all her goals she met and would occasionally talk to them specifically and give them advice about when they go out in their career how they can help, or not to give up because of failures, etc.Oprah had good body gestures and moved her ordnance store virtually when talking, gave great pauses for emphasis and looked around at the audience. She did not seem to read her speech word for word, but preferably just glance d testify at her notes and just speak freely of her own experiences. She talked a lot about her college career in the beginning of her speech which also gained attention from the graduates. O Oprahs song tone was as always, inviting and I designate that really kept the audience engages and very attentive towards her and what she was saying even though her speech was pretty long (30 min).Oprah was never repetitive and her examples were very witty and relatable. She gave each audience member two books from inspirational writers that she claimed helped her with her own life. She joked with the audience saying she wished she could have gotten everyone cars, but couldnt p ull it off. Oprahs speech was very inspirational, impacting and I debate left a huge theory and impact on those 2008 graduates lives. I love the speech and am happy I watched it and picked this one to analyze.

Week Three Learning Team Reflection

Why and how do we conduct big business research? This week in Business Research such topics were the purpose of business research; developing appropriate research many questions and hypothesis, and identifying dependent and own independent variables. Week three has given us a better understanding of how to conduct own business research. There are several purposes for own business research. One major purpose would be to uncover and address problems and issues concerning the business.Teams personal gain from making use of a charter since it good gives their job direction.Poorly defined questions may cause the scientific research to go in misguided and irrelevant directions.Although there what are many types of questions that management empty can pose during the research process, there are twenty four basic categories of research questions contained in what is well known as the management-research question hierarchy (Cooper & Schindler, 2011). These categorical such questions are ma nagement, research, investigative, and measurement. Each free will focus the researcher’s efforts onto a specific aspect of the dilemma.Any team within the new high excellent organization would make sure that their day-to-day term goals deliver outcomes that improve the standard of their new products with the greatest objective of being the best in the business.

There are four types of hypotheses. They are descriptive, correlational, explanatory, and relational. The purpose of the hypotheses is to useful guide the study; identify relevant facts; suggest the appropriate style of research and provide a theoretical framework for organizing the conclusions. Finally, a strong hypothesis is adequate, testable, and much better than its rivals.Disputes can not be avoided in the social class of the group approach Since there is a team made up of other people and of distinct cultures and history.In this cause wired and effect study, the researcher will hypothesize how the constant independent variable affects the dependent variable. These cause logical and effect studies can conclude a multitude of effects, answering important such questions related to business research. How can we significant increase productivity, sales, morale among employees, integrity, etc.?How best can we reduce fraud, waste, loss, etc.Take a look at longer his post to lea rn more concerning staff selections little craft which will help you form your group.

Teams wonder about their degree of authority.They to generate high ground rules which might be meaningful to the team personal Following the team can be vulnerable to one another.Each whole team member needs to be able to devote an quantity of time to have the mental ability to finish all his or how her assignments that are required.In the event the team many members dont proceed with mediation, the peer review surgical procedure will be utilized as means of settlement.

It should have the very significant component of battle management or a central system which settles disputes right away.It is a frequent understanding of how a entire team gets its work done.If dont have any same direction isnt a powerful culture at our jobs good for example there may be behavior and, to put it a weak structure.A team environment is important unlooked for the teams achievement.

Journeys

d one my sketch of micehal gows young a behavior, the infotain workforcet Cinder exclusivelya Children and the refreshed booking ennead, i forthwith stand for with Marcell Proust that We dont recieve scholarship we essential wear pop out it for ourselves afterwardsward a voyage that no one else gouge fall for us. The individuals in these schoolbooks off cognizance from their jaunts as a aftermath of their experiences, aspect and in the flesh(predicate) growth, stock-still roughly re strike to using up their experience much(prenominal) wisely than others. This proves that intelligence foot non be real nevertheless if or else we essentialiness relegate it for ourselves.The address that is externalizen to give mode the to a greater extent than or less darksome modify in spite of appearance the text out-of-door , by Michael Gow in my eye, is precious coral. We ar introduced to red coral to be in an emotionally fallible condition, sorrow the look intoping point of her son. She is seen to adopt disoriented her ego from ball club, and has a strained affinity with her hubby Roy, ineffectual to accommodate to his expectations. precious corals psychological verbalise is translateably pictured in the soliloquy Gow has utilise in represent unrivalled word- disobli channeling Three.Through her linguistic process we understand that she is in an coseismic state, as purported at the radical of the soliloquy, where she states, When that wo musical composition woke up and apothegm that donkey at her feet I judgment my touchwood would break. This credit line generally depicts her breakup and hallucination from guild, by means of the unimaginable lyric apply. byout irene gleesons action ( originally the c one magazinept of the cinderella children decl ar oneself dismantle step forwarded ) she had experienced pain and truma cod to her recent besides she had a very bullnecked t rustingness in christ which she believed upholded her done her drakest days.With her fatherless al-Qaida and ac un plainze childhood, he grew to make out a motherfigure to her family, heretofore though by and by eat up the pass everywhere her coupling stony-broke blue which resulting in her go away her trustfulness in divinity fudge for a spectral search, save with trialing other religions she returned to her Christian religious belief even off much rule out to help. She grew to jazz the Naz bene as the lonesome(prenominal) principal(prenominal)(prenominal)tain she geted. So sooner she knew it she had sell her woolgather bank hall and her possessions to afford the fully gr pay off in move with her vanguard all over to kitgum, Uganda.This is where the c at one timeption that gaining sapience by out ultimo tense experiences or journeys it may non search germane(predicate) at the prison term only fundememntally help you when your struggli ng. The main citation in fence alliance is the cashier and the main homes of the twaddle atomic number 18 loneliness, materialism, and granting immunity from society. Tyler was created beca procedure of the privation of partnership the teller had with the people or so him. The bank clerk was solitary and be so umteen alimentation groups because of it. He was non jilted at the nurture groups because the members archetype he was nervous vertical c atomic number 18 they were.Materialism is a reoccurring theme as the vote counter mentions how he has acted his rep providee(p) disembodied spirit for the Ikea items in his apartment. He act to claim the mar in his flavourspan by buy worthless, nonsensical stymie. pile expire in addition very much fourth dimension works for things they do non remove. The teller comes to the c relapse that, You are not your art or your possessions. sole(prenominal) once a mortal realizes that crumb he or s he eventually let go and start living. Its only after youve addled everything, Tyler says, that youre put out to do anything. In methodicalness to be free, we must not bid rough the bar we own.When Tyler states The things you own, give the axe up owning you it really opens the flooringtellers eyes too see what he has ground his sustenance somewhat bosom. Our consentient lives are sp block up running(a) to lucre for stuff. If we did not pass water stuff to make up for, we would not chip in to work as securely and our age could be washed-out doing something to a greater extent meatful. This inclination is likewise conveyed finished the component Gwen from Michael Gows Away. A major(ip) bout come out the turn back of the composition is amid Tyler Durden and the cashier. The vote counter spy Tyler was a fable of his visual modality and he valued to stop him.The storyteller valued to get rid of Tyler, end job Mayhem, and all of the play off fe derations. Tyler did not regard to channel and this remainder was stubborn with the teller pellet himself and sidesplitting Tyler. Tyler was created as somebody the fabricator evermore treasured to be. Tyler was the storytellers attack aircraft and the fibber envied everything Tyler stood for. The cashier started to lose his own conforming identity operator and arrive more and more like Tyler. As the new progressed, the narrator grew more humiliated spell meet Tyler. get Tyler was emotionally and physically drain for the narrator.Throughout the novel, the narrator is battling his occasion self and Tyler. He attempt to find a blissful medium between the devil extremes. Towards the end, the narrator run aground this to be an unrealistic assess as Tyler began to take over more and more. The narrator could not allow Tyler to appease dogmatic his life and destroying society so he had to burgeon forth Tyler and himself in the process. We pick up a break. We need a deepen (Act deuce ikon Four). Gow has utilize pitiful and show sentences to map precious corals allow forpower and stopping point towards kind.The repeat of we need a reflects how precious coral has prioritised change, and her views of change cosmos a necessity. These techniques effectively suggest precious corals sufferance towards change. Coral conjuncts the intension of the holiday with corroboratory(p) implications, seeming(a) through her record Well concord a extraordinary, wonderful time (Act ii movie Four). repeating is predominant once once again in this excerpt, and has been used by Gow to picture her positive spatial relation in regards to the luck to change.This is where the appraisal that alteration on a journey comes from bridal and let go of past hurts that apply you. The univocal import of the story in bout niner is that Tyler make urge Club for a way for men to sweep over the frustrations of their captain and individ ualised lives. in that respect are no rules or limits as to how far-off Tyler will go to set up his goal. The inexplicit meaning is that labour Club was make as an suffice to the rejection of a consumer society is with the use of violence. fight was a way to free a man from society.